Recent cultural events in Karachi have highlighted the rich historical and artistic legacies of both the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba and the renowned Pakistani artist Sadequain. Dr. Eduardo Manzano Moreno, a leading Spanish historian, delivered a lecture at the Mohatta Palace Museum focusing on the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba. He emphasized the 'phenomenal advances' in the study of Al-Andalus over the last 30 years, noting that Cordoba, once the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate, was a center of intellectual and cultural achievements in medieval Islamic Spain. Moreno highlighted that the city had approximately 400 mosques in the 10th century, with the Great Mosque of Cordoba accommodating about 10,000 people. He remarked on the profound Arabisation and Islamisation of the region, stating, 'The impact of the Arabisation and Islamisation processes in Al-Andalus were extremely strong.' (Business Recorder, February 10, 2026).